Railway Signal Engineering

  Accident has been classified in categories from A to R excluding I and O. Serious Accident  - Accident to a train carrying passengers which is attended with loss of life or grievous hurt to a passenger in the train or with serious damage to Railway property exceeding 2 Cr shall be deemed to be a serious Accident. Train Accidents- Divided into following parts A) Consequential Train Accident  - It is a Accident having serious repercussion in terms of human life,human injury, loss to Railway property or interruption to rail traffic. Train accidents are classified  as - Collision -             All cases under category A-1 to A-4 Fire -                      All cases under category B-1 to B-4 Level Crossing-    All cases under category C-1 to C-4 Derailment-          All cases under category D-1 to D-4 Miscellaneous-     All cases u...

  Minimum distance centre to centre of tracks . I) For existing works - 4265 mm II) For new works/ additions to existing works - 5300 mm Minimum horizontal Distance from centre of track to any structure- For Existing Works- 2135 mm For new works/ additions to existing works - 2360 mm Maximum Steepest Gradient in Station yard A) Existing Works - 1 in 400 B) For new works and alterations to Existing Works- Recommended gradient- 1 in 1200 Maximum ( steepest) gradient   - 1 in 400 Steeper than 1 in 400 and upto 1 in 260  - CRS permission required  Steeper than 1 in 260 - Railway Board permission through CRS For above purpose,  a Station yard means:- Station yard will be taken to extend- i) On Single line to a distance of 50 m beyond stock rail joint of outermost points at either end of station. ii) On Double line where multiple aspect of signaling is provided to a distance of 50 m beyond stock rail joint of outermost points. In the absence of point, from BSLB t...

  Act means Railway act ,1989. Block Back - Means to despatch a message from a block station to intimating to block station in rear on a double line, Or Next block station on either side on a single line,that the block section is obstructed or to be obstructed. Shunt Key is the authority for the driver to shunt from Starter upto First Stop Signal of concerned block section.The key authorizes driver to pass Advance Starter at ON during shunting. Block Forward -  Means to despatch a message from a block station to intimating to block station in advance on a double line,that block in advance is obstructed or to be obstructed. Substitute for Adequate Distance  - 1) Sand hump of approved design 2) Deraining switch under approved Special instructions  Minimum Equipment of fixed Signals In Automatic Block territory on single line- Home and Starter IB Section -  There are three Push buttons in IB panel. PB 1- To reset Axle counter when IB Home passed at ON PB 2- To re...

  Data Components - A data communication system has five components. 1.  Receiver  2. Sender 3. Message  4. Transmission media- Path by which message travels. Ex Twisted pair wires, Coaxial cable,fibre optic cable and radio waves 5. Protocol  Protocol is set of rules used by computers to communicate with each other across network.  Protocols can be classified as Proprietary Protocol ( specific make) Open source Protocol ( Any make). Bandwidth -  It is defined as amount of data that can be transmitted into a fixed amount of time. Usually expressed in bps ( bits per   second) Fundamental Characteristics of Data Communication   1. Delivery- System must deliver data to correct destination  2. Accuracy- System must deliver data accurately  3. Timeliness- System must deliver data in a timely manner  4. Jitter- Jitter refers to variation in packet arrival time. It is uneven delay in the delivery of audio and video packets,which r...