2. Finance and Budget
Grants - The demand for grant as finally approved by the Parliament are called Budget Grant. Appropriations (Charged) - Those sanctioned by President without reference to parliament are called Appropriations. Budget Order - Railway grants and Appropriations for a year are distributed by Railway Board to various Railway Administrations directly under Railway Board through Budget Orders. Budget Allotments - G rants and Appropriations distributed to various Divisions and spending units are called Budget Allotments Government expenditure is divided into two parts- 1. Voted - made from consolidated fund of India 2. Charged - Charged from consolidated fund of India. Article 113(1) - Charged Expenditure is not subjected to vote of parliament. Article 113(2) of Constitution - Voted expenditure Abstract Estimate - For obtaining Administrative Approval Detailed Estimate - For obtaining Technical Sanction of competent authority.Cost should not exceed Abstract Estimat...