14.Rajabhasa Hindi

 


Official Language Policy and Implementation in India: A Railway Perspective

1. Important Dates & Observances

  • Hindi Diwas: 14 September (Hindi accepted as Rajbhasha on 14 Sept 1949 by Constituent Assembly)

  • World Hindi Day: 10 January

2. Constitutional Provisions

  • Total Parts & Articles: Indian Constitution has 25 Parts and 448 Articles.

  • Relevant Parts & Articles:

    • Part V, Article 120(1): Language in Parliament - Hindi or English

    • Part VI, Article 210: Language in State Legislative Assemblies - Hindi, English, or regional language

    • Part XVII (Articles 343 to 351): Provisions related to Official Language

      • Article 343(1): Hindi in Devanagari script as the official language of the Union

      • Article 344: Official Language Commission and Parliamentary Committee

      • Article 345: States can adopt their own official language

      • Article 346: Language of communication between states and with the Union

      • Article 347: Language spoken by the population

      • Article 348: High Courts and Supreme Court proceedings in English

      • Article 351: Directive for the development of Hindi

3. Official Language Act, 1963

  • Enactment: Passed on 10 May 1963, amended in 1967

  • Section 3(3): Documents to be published in both Hindi and English (Enacted on 26 Jan 1965)

    • 1. Office Order. 

    •  2. Resolution 

    •  3. Rule 

    •  4. Memorandum 

    •  5. Notification 

    •  6. Policy document 

    •  7. Contract 

    •  8. Agreement 

    •  9. Tender 

    •  10. Tender Notice 

    •  11. Press Communiques 

    •  12. Administrative Reports 

    •  13. Licences 

    •  14. Permit

  • Section 4: Parliamentary Committee on Official Language

  • Section 5: Replies in Hindi to correspondence received in Hindi

  • Section 7: Optional use of Hindi in judgments

4. Parliamentary Committee on Official Language

  • Constitution: 30 Members (20 from Lok Sabha, 10 from Rajya Sabha)

  • Established: 1976 under the Official Language Act, 1963

  • Second Sub-Committee: Inspects Railway Ministry

5. Official Language Rules, 1976

  • Came into Force: 17 July 1976

  • Amendments: 1987, 2007, 2011

  • Applicability: Entire India except Tamil Nadu

  • Total Rules: 12

Region Classification

  • Region A: Hindi-speaking states (Bihar, Haryana, Himachal pradesh,M.P, Rajasthan,U.P.,Chhatisgarh,Uttarakhand,Jharkhand, A&N Islands and Delhi.Centre government

  • Region B: Mixed (e.g., Maharashtra, Gujarat)

  • Region C: Non-Hindi speaking states

Key Rules

  • Rule 2: Region-wise classification

  • Rule 3: Communication to states

    • Region A & B: Hindi (with English if needed)

    • Region C: English

  • Rule 4: Communication between Central Govt. offices can be in Hindi or English

  • Rule 5: Replies in Hindi if correspondence received in Hindi

  • Rule 12: Head of the office is responsible for policy implementation

6. Language Implementation in Indian Railways

  • DRM: Chairman, Divisional Official Language Committee

  • GM: Chairman, Zonal Official Language Committee

  • Railway Minister: Chairman, Railway Hindi Advisory Committee

  • Meetings:

    • Divisional Committee: Once in 3 months

    • Zonal Committee: 4 times a year

    • Town Official Language Committee: Once in 6 months

  • Awards:

    • Kamalapati Tripathi Golden Medal: GM & above

    • Rail Mantri Silver Medal: SAG & above, ₹8000

    • Lalit Narayan Mishra Award: Technical writing in Hindi

    • Mathili Sharan Gupt Award: Poem/Ghazal

    • Premchand Award: Story/Novel writing

    • Rajbhasha Individual Award: JAG Officers and non-gazetted employees

7. Language Training & Proficiency

  • Courses:

    • Prabodh: Introductory

    • Pragya: Working knowledge

  • Eligibility:

    • Passed Matric in Hindi Medium = Proficient

    • Passed Matric with Hindi subject = Working knowledge

    • Self-declaration of working knowledge also accepted

8. Miscellaneous

  • Numerals: International form of Indian numerals used

  • Software: 'Mantra' for translation (available on Department of Official Language website)

  • Sign Boards (Non-Hindi regions): Regional language, Hindi, English (in that order)

  • Kendriya Hindi Samiti: Chaired by Prime Minister

  • Vice Chairperson: Home Minister

  • Home Ministry: Implementation responsibility

  • Law Ministry: Responsible for legal translations

  • Hindi Salahkar Samiti: Exists in all ministries

9. 8th Schedule of the Constitution

  • Total Languages: 22

  • Originally Added 14 languages are

  • 1 - Kashmiri

  • 2- Tamil

  • 3- Marathi

  • 4- Punjabi 

  • 5- Urdu

  • 6- Sanskrit

  • 7 - Hindi

  • 8 - Bengali

  • 9 -Assamese

  • 10- Gujrati

  • 11- Kannada

  • 12- Telgu 

  • 13 - Malyalam

  • 14 - Odiya

  • Added in 1967, 1962 

  • 15 - Sindhi

  • 16 - Konkani

  • 17 - Manipuri

  • 18 - Nepali

  • New Additions in 2004:

  • 19 - Bodo

  • 20 - Dogri

  • 21 - Santhali

  • 22- Mathili 

  • English & Rajasthani: Not included

  • Nepali: Only foreign language in the list


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