14.Rajabhasa Hindi

 


Official Language Policy and Implementation in India: A Railway Perspective

1. Important Dates & Observances

  • Hindi Diwas: 14 September (Hindi accepted as Rajbhasha on 14 Sept 1949 by Constituent Assembly)

  • World Hindi Day: 10 January

2. Constitutional Provisions

  • Total Parts & Articles: Indian Constitution has 25 Parts and 448 Articles.

  • Relevant Parts & Articles related to Rajbhasa:

    • Part V, Article 120(1): Language in Parliament - Hindi or English

    • Part VI, Article 210: Language in State Legislative Assemblies - Hindi, English, or regional language

    • Part XVII (Articles 343 to 351): Provisions related to Official Language

      • Article 343(1): Hindi in Devanagari script as the official language of the Union

      • Article 343(2) : - for a period of fifteen years from the commencement of this Constitution, the English language shall continue to be used for all the official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before such commencement.

      • Article 344: Official Language Commission and Parliamentary Committee

      • Article 345: States can adopt their own official language

      • Article 346: Language of communication between states and with the Union

      • Article 347: Special provision regarding Language spoken by the population in specific area of state.

      • Article 348: High Courts and Supreme Court proceedings in English

      • Article 351: Directive for the development of Hindi

      • Presidents order regarding the Official Language were issued on 27th April 1960.

3. Official Language Act, 1963

  • Enactment: Passed on 10 May 1963, amended in 1967. 

  • Sections of Official language Act 1963

  • Section 1 - Short title and commencement 

  • Section 2- Definition in this Act

  • Section 3 - Continuation of English language for Official purpose 

  • Section 4 - committee on official language 

  • Section 5 - Authorized hindi translation of central acts etc

  • Section 6 - Authorized hindi translation of state Acts in certain cases 

  • Section 7 - optional use of Hindi 

  • Section 8 - powers to make Rules

  • Section 3(3) : Documents to be published in both Hindi and English (Enacted on 26 Jan 1965)

    • 1. Office Order. 

    •  2. Resolution 

    •  3. Rule 

    •  4. Memorandum 

    •  5. Notification 

    •  6. Policy document 

    •  7. Contract 

    •  8. Agreement 

    •  9. Tender 

    •  10. Tender Notice 

    •  11. Press Communiques 

    •  12. Administrative Reports 

    •  13. Licences 

    •  14. Permit

  • Section 4: Parliamentary Committee on Official Language

  • Section 5: Replies in Hindi to correspondence received in Hindi

  • Section 7: Optional use of Hindi in judgments

Official Languages Resolution Passed by both Houses of Pariament-1968

4. Parliamentary Committee on Official Language

  • Constitution: 30 Members (20 from Lok Sabha, 10 from Rajya Sabha)

  • Established: 1976 under the Official Language Act, 1963

  • Second Sub-Committee: Inspects Railway Ministry.

When was the Official Languages Resolution Passed by both Houses of Pariament?--1968

            Department of Official Language was set up in June 1975 as an independent Department of the Ministry of Home Affairs.

5. Official Language Rules, 1976

  • Came into Force: 17 July 1976

  • Amendments: 1987, 2007, 2011

  • Applicability: Entire India except Tamil Nadu

  • Total Rules: 12

Region Classification

  • Region A: Hindi-speaking states (Bihar, Haryana, Himachal pradesh,M.P, Rajasthan,U.P.,Chhatisgarh,Uttarakhand,Jharkhand, A&N Islands and Delhi.Centre government

  • Region B: Mixed (e.g., Maharashtra, Gujarat)

  • Region C: Non-Hindi speaking states

Key Rules

  • Rule 2: Region-wise classification

  • Rule 3: Communication to states

    • Region A & B: Hindi (with English if needed)

    • Region C: English

  • Rule 4: Communication between Central Govt. offices can be in Hindi or English

  • Rule 5:  communications from a Central Government office in reply to communications in Hindi shall be in Hindi

  • Rule 7: 1) An employee may submit an application, appeal or representation in Hindi or in English.

  • 2) Any Application, appeal or representation referred to in sub-rule (1) when made or signed in 
  • Hindi, shall be replied to in Hindi.
  • 3)  Where an employee desires any order or notice relating to service matters (including 
  • disciplinary proceedings) required to be served on him to be in Hindi, or as the case may be, in 
  • English, it shall be given to him in that language without undue delay.

  • Rule 12: Head of the office is responsible for policy implementation

6. Language Implementation in Indian Railways

  • DRM: Chairman, Divisional Official Language Committee

  • GM: Chairman, Zonal Official Language Committee

  • Railway Minister: Chairman, Railway Hindi Advisory Committee

  • Meetings:

    • Divisional Committee: Once in 3 months

    • Zonal Committee: 4 times a year

    • Town Official Language Committee: Once in 6 months

  • Awards:

    • Kamalapati Tripathi Golden Medal: GM & above

    • Rail Mantri Silver Medal: SAG & above, ₹8000

    • Lalit Narayan Mishra Award: Technical writing in Hindi

    • Mathili Sharan Gupt Award: Poem/Ghazal First prize - 20000/-

  • Second prize - 10000/-
Third prize - 7000/-

    • Premchand Award: Story/Novel writing-Award money 7000/- rupees

    • Rajbhasha Individual Award: JAG Officers and non-gazetted employees

    • Lal Bahadur Shastri Technical Award. First prize - 20000/- 

    • Second prize - 10000/-

    • Third prize - 7000/-

7. Language Training & Proficiency

  • Exams for Hindi - 3 Exams

    • Prabodh: Introductory

    • Praveen - Medium knowledge of Hindi 

    • Pragya: Good knowledge

    • What is the level of Hindi qualification of Pragya: 10th Class equivalent

    • Pragya Exam Award Money 

    • 70 percent or more - 2400 Rupees 

    • 60 percentage or more but less than 70 percent - 1600 Rupees 

  • 55 percentage or more but less than 60 percent - 800 Rupees 

    • Other than these Exams if you Passed Matric in Hindi Medium, you are  Praveen 

    • Passed Matric or Higher exam with Hindi subject = Working knowledge of Hindi 

    • Self-declaration of working knowledge also accepted in both cases Praveen and Working knowledge 

8. Miscellaneous

  • Numerals: International form of Indian numerals used

  • Software: 'Mantra' for translation (available on Department of Official Language website)

  • Sign Boards (Non-Hindi regions): Regional language, Hindi, English (in that order)

  • sequence of the languages is the announcement made at railway stations :  Regional language, Hindi, English (in that order)

  • Kendriya Hindi Samiti: Chaired by Prime Minister

  • Vice Chairperson: Home Minister

  • Home Ministry: Implementation responsibility

  • Law Ministry: Responsible for legal translations, translation of statutory rules, regulations and orders as per the Constitution?

  • Hindi Salahkar Samiti: Exists in all ministries

  • When was the Department of Official Language formed- In June, 1975

9. 8th Schedule of the Constitution- Article 344(1) and Article 351

  • Total Languages: 22

  • Originally Added 14 languages are

  • 1 - Kashmiri

  • 2- Tamil

  • 3- Marathi

  • 4- Punjabi 

  • 5- Urdu

  • 6- Sanskrit

  • 7 - Hindi

  • 8 - Bengali

  • 9 -Assamese

  • 10- Gujrati

  • 11- Kannada

  • 12- Telgu 

  • 13 - Malyalam

  • 14 - Odiya

  • 04 languages Added in 1967, 1962 

  • 15 - Sindhi (21 st Amendment)

  • 16 - Konkani

  • 17 - Manipuri

  • 18 - Nepali

  • 04 Languages added in New Additions in 2003:(92 nd Amendment)

  • 19 - Bodo

  • 20 - Dogri

  • 21 - Santhali (2003)

  • 22- Mathili 

  • English & Rajasthani: Not included

  • Nepali: Only foreign language in the list

Rule 11 - Regarding use of Hindi in office 

Prime Minister is the president of the Central Hindi Committee while Home minister is vice president of the Central Hindi Committee.

Who was the first chairman of the Official Languages Commission? -Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher.

There is a provision to give the document related to disciplinary proceedings to the employee in which language.- Hindi or English

How many times in a year the examination of Hindi course are organized under the Hindi Teaching Scheme ?- 2

When may an English translation of a document be asked for-- When a document is of a legal or technical nature.

What is the Official Language of the Union of India- Hindi


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